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Lunghua Civil Assembly Centre was one of the internment camps eventually established by the Empire of Japan in Shanghai for European and American citizens, who had been resident under Japanese occupation since December 1941. Many had formerly lived in Shanghai within the Shanghai International Settlement before its occupation by the Japanese army. James Graham Ballard was interned in the camp as an adolescent. His experiences there inspired the book (and subsequent movie) ''Empire of the Sun''.〔https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/12/specials/ballard-empire.html〕 ==Description== Lunghua Civil Assembly Centre was originally the Kiansu Middle School.〔http://www.captives-of-empire.com/The_Camps__New_.php〕 It was located on Minghong Road about three miles (5 km) from Shanghai Longhua Airport. (Pre-WWII documents use the alternate spellings of ''Lunghua'' and ''Lunghwa''; the modern anglicized spelling of the town is ''Longhua''.) The school was damaged in the Second Sino-Japanese War and was empty until it was designated as a Civil Assembly Centre. It was then used from 1943〔http://www.jgballard.ca/shanghai/jgb_lunghwa_burch.html〕 to intern 1,988 people. "The camp was large, containing seven concrete buildings, five large wooden barracks (originally built as stables by the Japanese), and numerous outbuildings. There were fifty nine dorms and 127 rooms for families."〔Greg Leck (), author of ''Captives of Empire''〕 The buildings on the site were built orthogonal to each other. The overall site was aligned slightly east of north. Therefore, in the description below, when a building is described as being built east–west it is more accurately described as ENE–WSW, and when a building is described as being built north–south, it is more accurately described as SSW–NNE. The ''Assembly Hall'' was the central building. North of it were the single storey wooden buildings ''A'', ''B'' and ''C''. These were built parallel to each other, with each having been built east–west and with ''Building A'' as the furthest north. South of the ''Assembly Hall'', also built east–west, was the three storey ''Building F'', which was the administration block. South of ''Building F'' was the entrance and southeast was the three storey ''Building E'' built north–south. East of the ''Assembly Hall'' was the three storey ''Building D'' which was an accommodation block for families,〔http://www.jgballard.ca/shanghai/jgb_lunghwa_burch.html〕 built north–south. West of the ''Assembly Hall'' and the wooden buildings were two ruined buildings built north–south and further west of the ruined buildings was the two storey ''Building G'' built east–west. Northwest of ''Building G'', in the northwest corner of the site, was the single storey ''Hospital'' which was built east–west. The hospital dealt with malaria sufferers. Women who became pregnant were sent to a hospital in Shanghai then moved on to another camp for women and babies.〔http://www.jgballard.ca/shanghai/jgb_lunghwa_burch.html〕 Between ''Building G'' and the ''Hospital'' were the five ''Commandant's Staff Residences'' arranged around a square with three on the northern edge and two on the western edge. ''Building G'' was on the southern edge. North of the wooden buildings were the two single-storey ''dining rooms'' (built east–west), and north of each of those was a single-storey ''kitchen''. In the northeast corner of the site, north of ''Building D'', were two parallel, single-storey buildings built north–south. These were ''Building H'', which was used to accommodate single people,〔http://www.jgballard.ca/shanghai/jgb_lunghwa_beck.html〕 and ''Building I'' (or ''J'', the documents differ as to the name of this building). North of these were the single-storey ''shower block'' (built east–west) and east of the ''shower block'' was another single-storey building built north–south, ''Building J'' (or ''K'', the documents differ as to the name of this building). The ''recreation ground'' contained a football pitch and was in the area of ground between the ''Assembly Hall'' and ''Building D''.〔Map drawn by Bertram John William Grimes on 3 April 1943 as to a proposed system of fire hydrants for the camp and ''Details of Water Fittings, Wash Rooms etc, At Lunghwa C.A.C'' dated 2 May 1943〕〔''Enemy Subject: Life In a Japanese Internment Camp 1943-1945'' by Peggy Abkhazi (1981, Sono Nis Press, Canada ISBN 0-7509-0958-7)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lunghua Civilian Assembly Centre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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